ABSTRACT
With the growth of number of Chinese patent medicines and clinical use, the rational use of Chinese medicine is becoming more and more serious. Due to the complexity of Chinese medicine theory and the uncertainty of clinical application, the prescription review of Chinese patent medicine always relied on experience in their respective, leading to the uncontrolled of clinical rational use. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and characteristics of the unique clinical therapeutics, based on the practice experience and expertise comments, our paper formed the expert consensus on the prescription review of Chinese traditional patent medicine for promoting the rational use of drugs in Beijing. The objective, methods and key points of prescription review of Chinese patent medicine, were included in this expert consensus, in order to regulate the behavior of prescription and promote rational drug use.
ABSTRACT
The chemical consituents from the stems and leaves of Psychotria serpens were separated and purified by column chromatographies with silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and PR-HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analyses, as well as comparisons with the data reported in literature. 18 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of P. serpens, which were identified as chrysin(1), acacetin(2), genkwanin(3), chrysoeriol(4), rhamnocitrin(5), isorhamnetin(6), tricin(7), jaceosidin(8), dillenetin(9), kumatakenin(10), ayanin(11), isosakuranetin(12), eriodictyol(13), homoeriodictyol(14), taxifolin(15), pomonic acid(16), fupenzic acid(17) and euscaphic acid(18). All compounds were isolated from the genus Psychotria for the first time.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Plant Leaves , Plant Stems , PsychotriaABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to investigate the population pharmacokinetics of oral tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant patients and to identify possible relationship between covariates and population parameters. Details of drug dosage history, sampling time and concentration of 802 data points in 58 patients were collected retrospectively. Before analysis, the 58 patients were randomly allocated to either the model building group (n=41) or the validation group (n=17). Population pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed using the nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM) program on the model building group. The pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus was best described by a one compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. Typical values of apparent clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution (V/F) were estimated. A number of covariates including demographic index, clinical index and coadministration of other drugs were evaluated statistically for their influence on these parameters. The final population model related clearance with POD (post operative days), HCT (haematocrit), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and coadministration of nicardipine and diltiazem. Predictive performance of the final model evaluated with the validation group showed insignificant bias between observed and model predicted concentrations. Typical value of CL/F and V/F was 21.7 L x h(-1) and 241 L, inter-patient variability (RSD) in CL/F and V/F was 41.6% and 49.7%, respectively. The residual variability (SD) between observed and model-predicted concentrations was 2.19 microg x L(-1). The population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant patients was established and significant covariates on the tacrolimus model were identified.